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Basilicata Italy Capital: Potenza Area: 10,073 km2 | 3,889 mi2 Population: 539,999 (2019 est) Provinces: ​Matera| ​Potenza ​ Rivers/Bodies of Water: Aggia Agri Alli Archdeaconate Atella Basento Bilious Bradanello Bradano Camastra Fiumicello ​Frido Gorgoglione Heat Isca Landro Monticchio Murcure Plarano Salandrella Sarmento Sciaura Sinni Regions

Who is Who in Italian History Italian Prime Ministers 1945 - 2022 ​1945–1953 ​1953–1954 ​1954 1954–1955 ​1955–1957 ​1957–1958 ​1958–1959 ​1959–1960 ​1960 ​1960–1963 ​1963 ​1963–1968 ​1968 ​1968–1970 ​1970–1972 ​1972–1973 1973–1974 ​1974–1976 ​1976–1979 ​1979–1980 ​1980–1981 1981–1982 ​1982–1983 ​1983–1987 ​1987 ​1987–1988 ​1988–1989 ​1989–1992 ​1992–1993 ​1993–1994 ​1994–1995 ​1995–1996 ​1996–1998 ​1998–2000 ​2000–2001 ​2001–2006 ​2006-2008 2008-2011 ​2011-2013 2013-2014 ​2014-2016 ​2016-2018 ​2019–2021 2021-2022 2022- ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Alcide de Gasperi Giuseppe Pella Amintore Fanfani Mario Scelba Antonio Segni Adone Zoli Amintore Fanfani Antonio Segni Fernando Tambroni Amintore Fanfani Giovanni Leone Aldo Moro Giovanni Leone Mariano Rumor Emilio Colombo Giulio Andreotti Mariano Rumor Aldo Moro Giulio Andreotti Francesco Cossiga Arnaldo Forlani Giovanni Spadolini Amintore Fanfani Benedetto Craxi Amintore Fanfani Giovanni Goria Ciriaco de Mita Giuliano Amato Giuliano Amato Carlo A. Ciampi Silvio Berlusconi Lamberto Dini Romano Prodi Massimo D’Alema Giuliano Amato Silvio Berlusconi Romano Prodi Silvio Berlusconi Mario Monti Enrico Letta Matteo Renzi Paolo Gentiloni Giuseppe Conte Mario Draghi Giorgia Meloni ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Republican Party Christian Democratic Party Socialist Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Christian Democratic Party Socialist Party Christian Democratic Party Freedom Alliance independent Olive Tree Alliance Left Democrats Left Democrats Forza Italia Olive Tree Alliance People of Freedom independent Democratic Party Democratic Party Democratic Party independent​ Independent Brothers of Italy Who is Who

Italy's Major Islands SICILY - 9,926 sq. mi (26,700 sq. Km) – Population: 4,969,147 The island of Sicily is located on the Southern tip of mainland Italy (just off the “toe” of the Italian boot), and measures 180 mi wide (290 km) by 120 mi long (193 km). With a population of 5 million, Sicily is the largest Mediterranean island and is seat of a region that embraces the island of Pantelleria, 32 sq. mi. (83 sq. km), and the Lipari group, 44 sq. mi. (114 sq. km). ​ Sicily has a very rich history, which originated with the Phoenicians finding the Motya colony on Sicily ca. 750 BC (Before Christ.) Note: Those who desperately want to eliminate references to Christianity suddenly refer to the era Before Christ as Before the Common Era or Before Current Era – “BCE”. Quit that nonsense. It is and will always be "BC - Before Christ" and "AD - Anno Domini" (anno Domini nostri Jesu Christi). Don't try to re-write history because it does not fit YOUR narrative. The Phoenicians, one of the earliest civilizations, was a formation of independent coastal city states located on the North African Coast. They were undoubtedly the greatest maritime people, particularly known for their skills in building mighty ships. They have imprinted the early marks of western culture, most notably establishing the first alphabet. Sicily’s history has been very tumultuous. Due to its strategically important geographic location, it has been at the center of many wars. ​( Sources: ancient.eu/timeline; Ancient History Encyclopedia; “Monarchs of Sicily: en.wikipedia.org) Sicily’s Largest Cities by Population SARDEGNA -9,301 sq. mi (24,089 sq. Km) - Population 1.65 million The island of Sardinia (spelled Sardegna in Italian) lies in the Mediterranean, 115 mi. West of Italy’s peninsula and 7 1/2 mi. South of Corsica. Measuring160 mi. long and 68 mi. wide, it is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. The breathtaking landscape is mountainous, with mining of coal, zinc rod and copper. Sardinia’s waters are among the most pristine bodies of water in Europe if not the world. Archipelago della Maddalena Cagliari Sardinia’s history dates back to ​the 8th century BC, when the Phoenicians settled in the South and West of the island and created villages and cities at many strategic locations. Given its geography, which includes many natural harbors, the settlements were easily defendable. Most notably is what has become the island’s capital, Cagliari, which today is the largest city of Sardinia and hosts one of the largest ports in the Mediterranean. Over the centuries, Sardinia was ruled by many civilizations. ​ In 1720 Sardinia was added to the possessions of the Dukes of Savoy in Piedmont and Savoy to form the Kingdom of Sardinia. Giuseppe Garibaldi is buried on the nearby isle of Caprera. Sardinia's Largest Cities by Population Home

Italian Flag The Italian tricolor was first established during the Napoleonic Wars by French republics in northern Italy , who styled it after the French tricolor. In 1848 the design was adopted by the house of Savoy, which went on to lead the Italian unification. The present flag was adopted in 1946, when Italy became a republic and the royal arms were removed. I don’t know of any authoritative and indisputable explanation regarding the meaning of the colors of the Italian flag . The most credible theory suggests that the colors came from the colors of the uniforms of the Civic militia of Milan which were predominantly green with some white. Some red parts were added in 1796 when the Militia became the National Guard. In October of that year, the Lombard Legion was constituted, which adopted a uniform with the same color combination. Orders issued October 9stated that “each Cohort will have its National tricolor Lombard standard, differentiated by number, ​and ornate with the emblems of Liberty” . ​ It is said that Napoleon himself described the colors in his message to the “Direttorio” (directorate) dated October 11, 1796 in reference to the constitution of the Lombard Legion ​ “… the national colors to adopt are the green, the white and the red” ​ ​ The original standard had the colors displayed vertically with the green at the hoist, representing the very first (known) model of the Italian “Tricolore”, although, at the time, it was only known as a military flag. ​ The first true (displayed) national flag in which the colors were applied horizontally is the "Cispadane Republic" flag. This flag was adopted on January 7, 1797 and had the red at the top, the white in the middle, charged with the coat of arms, and the green at the bottom. ​ On July 17, 1797 the Cispadane and the "Transpadane Republics" were united into the "Cisalpine Republic" , which adopted the Tricolore, known today as the official Italian flag. ​ It is for that reason that the official version generally claims that the Italian flag is modeled after the French Tricolore. ​ In 1802 the Cisalpine Republic became the Italian Republic and on August 20, 1802 a new flag design was adopted. The new design was modeled after the Napoleonic military flags: on a red field a white lozenge under a green rectangle. On March 1805 the republic became a kingdom at which time a golden Napoleonic eagle was added on the flag’s green field. The Tricolore, charged with the Savoy shield in the center, became the national flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1848 and of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. The State flag and the war ensign also included the Savoy crown. ​ Finally, on June 19, 1946, the plain Tricolore became the official flag of the Italian Republic. In order to avoid confusion with the Mexican flag at sea, on November 9, 1947, two different coat of arms were added by decree , one to the civil and one to the war ensigns. ​ The official colors were finally established on January 17th 2003 and are expressed in Pantone colors : Green (brilliant grass) 18-5642TC, White (milk) 11-4201TC, Red (tomato)18-1661TC. Home

Italian Holidays 2022 - 2024 2024 Mon 1-Jan Sat 6-Jan Sun 31-Mar Mon 1-Apr Thu 25-Apr Wed 1-May Sun Jun-2 Thu 15-Aug Fri 1-Nov Sun 8-Dec Wed 25-Dec Thu 26-Dec 2023 Sun 1-Jan Fri 6-Jan Sun 9-Apr Mon 10 Apr Tue 25-Apr Mon 1-May Fri Jun-2 Tue 15-Aug Wed 1-Nov Fri 8-Dec Mon 25-Dec Tue 26-Dec 2022 Sat 1-Jan Thu 6-Jan Sun 17-Apr Mon 18 Apr Mon 25-Apr Sun 1-May Thu Jun-2 Mon 15-Aug Tue 1-Nov Thu 8-Dec Sun 25-Dec Mon 26-Dec ​ Capodanno New Year's Day ​ Epifania Epiphany ​ Pasqua Easter Sunday ​ Pasquetta Easter Monday ​ Giorno della Liberazione Liberation Day ​ Festa del Lavoro Labor Day ​ Festa della Repubblica Foundation of the Republic ​ Ferragosto Assumption Day ​ Tutti i Santi All Saints' Day ​ Immacolata Concezione Immaculate Conception ​ Natale Christmas Day ​ Santo Stefano St Stephen's Day HOLIDAY Home

Puglia / Apuglia Capital: Bari Area: 19,541 km2 | 7,545 mi2 Population: 3,912,166 (2019 est) Provinces: Bari | Barletta-Andria-Trani | Brindisi | Foggia | Lecce | Taranto ​ ​ Italy Rivers/Bodies of Water: Basentello Bilera Candelaro Carapelle Carapellotto Casanova Celone Cervaro Fiumarella Fortore Gravina Gravina di laterza Jorenzo ​Lagnone Lama Lavella Lenne Locone Marana Capacciotti Marana Cerasa Ofanto Pentecchia Salsola Sannoro Staina Tare Triolo Vulcan Regions

Who is Who in Italian History Carlo Cafiero 1846 - 1892 Carlo Cafiero was born September 1, 1846 in Barletta, Italy. He was the son of a wealthy family of Southern Italian bourgeoisie i.e. nobility. Carlo was considered the ‘black sheep’ of the family. He became a revolutionary early in his life and eventually supported and joined the international and later became the leader of the Italian anarchist movement. Cafiero studied in Naples, where he graduated with a law degree. Following his graduation he traveled to Florence where he joined the diplomatic core. Beginning 1870s he traveled to Paris, and later to London, where he spent some time. While in London, left his diplomatic career, renounced wealth and family, and joined the revolution and socialist movement. While in London, Cafiero was introduced to Marx and Engels. He joined their “Internazionale” movement, an Association of Working Men. ​ He was tasked to recruit citizens in Italy to join into Marx’ ideology. However, Italy had become strongly influenced by Bakunin’s anarchism and Mazzini’s republican movements. During an assembly in Naples, where he was revitalizing the old section of the Internazionale, he was arrested and imprisoned for a short time. In 1872 he met Bakunin in Locarno (Switzerland), where he spent a month discussing Bakunin’s ideas and objections to Marx and Engels’ ideology. After a year of hard work in recruiting Italians for Marx and Engels, Cafiero joined Bakunin’s anarchist movement. Cafiero sold his inheritance (mostly land) to finance the establishment of an international center for the revolution on a farm in Switzerland that he purchased. Bakunin would live on that property that became known under the name ‘La Baronata’ and later also served as a shelter for revolutionaries on the run from their governments. In 1875 Cafiero joined the editorial staff of the first socialist daily paper, ‘La Plebe’, in Milan. In April 1877, Cafiero, Malatesta, Ceccarelli, the Russian Stepniak together with 30 other comrades began an insurrection in the province of Benevento. They conquered the villages of Letino and Gallo. During their departure from Gallo, government troops arrested Cafiero and his comrades. He remained in prison until his trial almost 1 year later, were he was acquitted of all charges in August 1878. ​ Cafiero wrote some of his most important works during his time in prison: ‘The Compendium of The Capital’, published later by ‘La Plebe Editions’ in Milan. The work was appreciated and praised even by Marx who found it superior to other similar works. Cafiero moved to Marseilles in 1878 where he worked as a cook. In October he and Malatesta were arrested and deported from France. He found refuge in Switzerland, where he met Kropotkin. ​ In 1881 Cafiero returned to London, where he remained until March 1882 when he returned to Italy. Cafiero wanted to take part in the upcoming electoral campaign. On April 5, he was arrested without being charged. After one month of incarceration he became very depressed and attempted suicide by cutting his vein. After significant local protest, Cafiero was released and was given the choice of being deported either to Barletta, his birth town, or exiled to Switzerland. ​ In February 1883 with Cafiero’s mental capacities deteriorating he left for Florence. He was later found in a grotto. After thorough evaluation he was committed to a mental institution in Florence and was transferred in 1891 to a mental institution in Nocera Inferiore, where he died in 1892. Who is Who

Who is Who in Italian History Vittorio Emanuele Orlando 1860 - 1952 ​Vittorio Emanuele Orlando was born raised and educated in Palermo, Sicily. He is best known for his more than 100 writings on legal issues and juridical subjects. From 1903 to 1905 Orlando served as minister of education under King Victor Emanuel III. He became minister of justice in 1907 a position he held until 1909. He was re-appointed to the justice post in 1914 until he was nominated minister of the interior in 1916 in which capacity he served until 1917. Orlando was a strong proponent of Italy’s participation in World War I on the side of the Allies who had secretly promised Orlando significant territorial concessions to Italy in case of Italy’s participation in the conflict. ​ in 1917 Orlando was elected Prime Minister. In that function, he headed the Italian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. However, he was unable to obtain the territorial concessions for Italy which drastically weakened his position which he lost mid of 1919. ​ In December of 1919 he was elected president of the chamber of deputies. Initially he supported Benito Mussolini’s fascist government that had been established in 1922. However, when the fascists killed Giacomo Matteotti -a prominent socialist leader- in 1924, Orlando no longer supported Mussolini’s government and 3 years later he resigned from the chamber of deputies and served thereafter in the constituent assembly. Who is Who

Who is Who in Italian History Benito Mussolini 1883 - 1945 Benito Mussolini's full name was Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini. He was born in July of 1983 in Predappio, a small town in the province of Forli, which is located in the regionof Emilia Romagna . In 1922, King Umberto, under pressure, appointed Mussolini to became Italy's first Prime Minister. Shortly thereafter, Mussolini turned intop Italy's feared dictator, known by his byname "Il Duce". Chronology of the Rise and Fall of Benito Mussolini ​ 1883 Benito Mussolini was born on July 29 in Dovia di Predappio (Emilia Romagna) to father Alessandro, a black smith, and mother Rosa Mussolini; 1892 Mussolini enrolls to a boarding school in Faenza (Emilia Romagna); 1894 Following a knifing, he is expelled from the boarding school and transfers to a high school in Forlimpopoli near his home town; 1901 Mussolini graduates to become an elementary school teacher. He joins the socialist party of Italy, “Partito Socialista Italiano” (PSI); 1901/02 He works as an elementary school teacher in Gualtieri near Reggio Emilia; 1902 To avoid mandatory military service, he moves to Switzerland where he holds jobs as a regular construction worker, office clerk and translator; 1905/06 Mussolini receives a pardon for his desertion and returns to Italy to serve in the military; 1906/09 He works again as a school teacher and becomes an activist in the socialist movement; 1909 Mussolini moves to Trieste where he publishes a newspaper for workers. Only a few month after his arrival, he is deported by the Austrian-Hungarian authorities. He moves to Forlì (Emilia Romagna), where he publishes his own socialist newspaper; 1910 He starts a relationship with the 17-year old Rachele Guidi who bares his first child; 1911 In opposition to Italy’s expansionist war in Libya, Mussolini calls for a general strike and is arrested and convicted to serve 5 months in jail. (Between 1911 and 1915 He is arrested and jailed eleven times); 1912 In July, Mussolini is elected to the executive committee of the socialist party. In November he is hired as Chief Editor of the socialist daily newspaper “Avanti” in Milan. He is able to increase the papers distribution from 20,000 to over 100,000; 1914 On July 29, Mussolini signs a non aggression/anti war manifest on behalf of his party. However, in October he joins the proponents of war and calls for Italy’s participation in WW1. He is consequently expelled from the socialist party. He resigns from the newspaper “Avanti” and publishes his own national newspaper “Popolo d’Italia”. Together with the poet and writer Gabriele D’Annunzio he leads the movement for Italy’s participation in the war; 1915 On August 31 Mussolini joins the army. He marries Rachele Guidi; 1917 In February, Mussolini is promoted to master sergeant and is severely wounded shortly thereafter. He returns to Milan in August where he resumes as managing editor of his newspaper; 1919 On March 23d Mussolini co-founds the “fasci(a) di combattimento”, a right-wing association of veterans with who call for an authoritarian order and the revision of the peace accords, more favorable for Italy. 1921 May 15th, the “fascists” gain 34 seats in the Italian parliament. Mussolini, now the recognized leader of the Italian right-wing, transforms the “fasci” to the “National Fascist Party” known as the Partito Nazionale Fascista (PNF); 1922 At the heights of the political crises between October 27 and October 30 (which is also plagued by a mass strike), Mussolini takes advantage of the wide-spread fear for a revolution and openly threatens to overturn the government. (March on Rome). King Victor Emanuel III by-passes the parliament and appoints Mussolini Prime Minister; 1924 April 6, following Mussolini’s new election law the “fascists” gain a two thirds majority during parliamentary election; 1925 January 3, Mussolini claims fascist’s responsibility for the murder of Giacomo Matteotti (1885-1924), a member of the [socialist] opposition. During the following months Mussolini’s dictatorship is further solidified in part promoted by several royal decrees; 1926 Ban of all parties other then the Fascist National Party (“PNF”), establishment of special courts focusing on suppression of any opposition. Several attempts on Mussolini’s life are unsuccessful; 1928 Foundation of the “Fascist Council” 1929 February 11, the Vatican and Italy recognize each others sovereignty after 58 years of isolation. The reconciliation with the Vatican and the catholic church results in a high approval rating Mussolini’s among Italians; 1933 June, first meeting between Mussolini and Adolf Hitler; 1935 October, Italy starts the war against Ethiopia; 1936 May 9, following victory in the war against Ethiopia, Mussolini proclaims the “Italian Empire” and claims Italy’s supremacy over the Mediterranean region; ​ November 1, following the alliance with Hitler, Mussolini announces the creation of the “Rome-Berlin Axis”; 1938 September 29, Mussolini is able to mediate an agreement between Hitler and the Western Alliance. In spite of this success, Mussolini becomes increasingly dependent from Hitler and eventually introduces anti Semitic laws in Italy; 1939 Italian forces occupy Albania; 1940 June 10, Italy declares war to France and Grate Britain. October, following the three-country pact between Italy, Germany and Japan, Italy attacks Greece; 1941 Italy is forced to withdraw from Ethiopia; 1943 July 9, the Allied invasion of Sicily weakens Mussolini’s position and strengthens the anti fascist movement; The Fascist Council deposes Mussolini on July 24/25 and King Victor Emmanuel III orders his arrest; ​ September 12, German Paratroopers free Mussolini from his jail in Gran Sasso (Abruzzi) and take him to Hitler’s HQ, the “Wolfschanze”. September 23, with Hitler’s help, Mussolini forms a fascist shadow government and proclaims the “Social Republic of Italy”. Operating from Salo (lake Garda), Mussolini attempts to regain power over Northern and Central Italy. He remained a puppet of the German forces. 1944 June 5, Allied forces occupy Rome; Germany’s power in the region is rapidly shrinking; 1945 April 27, forces of the Italian underground detain Mussolini at lake Como as he attempts to flee to Germany; April 28, Mussolini and his mistress Clara (Claretta) Petacci are shot and beaten. Their bodies are hung in public upside down Death of Mussolini and his Mistress Claretta Petacci Towards the end of World War II, the Italian people had grown to passionately hate the previously revered “Duce”, mainly fueled by the unjustified execution of dicidents, who in most cases disappeared without trace. Mussolini himself, along with his mistress Claretta (Clara) Petacci, were executed by partisans on April 28, 1945 while attempting to flee Italy. ​ Their bodies were taken to the Piazzale Loreto in Milan, a symbolic place where countless partisans were executed previously. Their corpses were beaten, urinated on and hung upside down in the midst of a large crowds cheering the demise of the Duce. The People wanted to make sure the hated dictator of over 20 years was indeed no longer. In the late 80s, I met J. Duane Cann, a member of the US Air Force who was stationed in Italy during WWII. He was on special orders to assess the bomb damage in Northern Italy and was sent by US command to witness and confirm Mussolini’s death. Note: I have the original pictures Duane took and attached to his note, but I decided that they are too graphic to publish here. Should you be interested in copies of the pictures for research purposes, feel free to email me Who is Who

Who is Who in Italian History Luigi Facta 1861 - 1930 Luigi Facta was appointed to the position of Prime Minister of Italy in 1922 and was the last Prime Minister before Mussolini took power. He was born in 1861 at Pinerolo, province of Torino (Turin). He became a member of the Italy’s Chamber of Deputies in 1892, a position he held for 31 years until 1923. When Giovanni Giolitti stepped down as a consequence of his unsuccessful attempt to steer Italy on an integration course (integrating the newly elected fascists into Italy’s power structure), Facta rose to become prime minister on February 26, 1922. In the summer of 1922, Italy faced a civil war among its political parties, as Facta was unsuccessful in coping with the Fascists, who had seized power in Bologna, Milan, and other cities. Benito Mussolini, head of the National Fascist Party, called for Facta’s resignation who was largely viewed as a weak leader. Mussolini also called for the formation of a Fascist government, threatening a coup d’état if his demands would not be met. Facta resigned as Prime Minister on October 22, 1922. ​ The famous Fascist “March on Rome” on October 28, 1922 compelled Facta (still a member of the Chamber of Deputies) to declare martial law. King Victor Emmanuel III, Italy’s constitutional head of state, refused to sign the decree. When Mussolini arrived in Rome (coming from Milan by railroad) on October 30, 1922, there were about 25,000 of his Fascist followers (also known as “black shirts”) occupying the capital. The next day thousands more of his followers joined the demonstration of power and surrounded the royal palace. Under pressure, King Victor Emmanuel III refused to sign Facta’s [martial law] decree and asked Benito Mussolini to form a government. Who is Who

Rise of the Italian City-States In the theatre of political fragmentation, many Italian cities began to assert their autonomy. During the 11th century an elaborate pattern of communal governments began to evolve, mainly throughout the northern and central Peninsula, under the leadership of a burgher class (commoner) grown wealthy in trade, banking, and such industries as woolen textiles. ​ A burgher was a rank or title of a privileged citizen of medieval towns in early modern Europe. Burghers formed the pool from which city officials could be drawn, and their immediate families that formed the social class of the medieval bourgeoisie (source: Wikipedia) . ​ Many cities, especially Milan, Genoa, Venice, Florence, and Pisa, became powerful and independent City-States. Resisting the efforts of both the old nobles and the emperors to control them, these “Comuni” (commoners) promoted the end of feudalism in northern Italy replacing it with deeply rooted identification with the city as opposed to the larger region or country. The cities were often troubled by violent and divisive rivalries among their citizens, the most famous being the papal-imperial struggle between the Guelphs (the supporters of the popes) and the Ghibellines (the supporters of the emperors). Despite such divisions, however, the cities contributed significantly to the economic, social, and rising cultural energy of Italy. Source: historycrunch.com/renaissance-city-states Source: historycrunch.com/renaissance-city-states FLORENCE Source: https://www.medievalists.net/2013/07/the-territorial-strategy-of-the-italian-city-state/ VATICAN CITY Source: World Atlas SAN MARINO Source: https://kidsdiscover.com/quick-reads/san-marino-vatican-city-states-within-state/ Italy's History

Campania Italy Capital: Napoli Area: 13,671 km2 | 5,278 mi2 Population: 5,590,681 (2019 est) Provinces: Avellino | Benevento | Caserta | Napoli | Salerno ​ Rivers/Bodies of Water: Alento Busento or Policastro Capo di Fiume Fortore Garigliano Irpinia heat Isclero Lethe Liri Mingardo Miscano Ofanto Peccia Picentino Sarno Sava di Gallo Savone Solofrone Tamaro Tammaricchio Tanagro Tanagro or Negro Tusciano or Battipaglia Ufita Volturno Regions